{"id":33065,"date":"2023-05-09T12:26:22","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T12:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nsemgh.com\/?p=33065"},"modified":"2023-05-09T12:26:25","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T12:26:25","slug":"how-el-chapos-sons-ruined-america-by-creating-a-fentanyl-empire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nsemgh.com\/2023\/05\/09\/how-el-chapos-sons-ruined-america-by-creating-a-fentanyl-empire\/","title":{"rendered":"How El Chapo&#8217;s sons ruined America by creating a fentanyl empire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-1\">In January 2017, days after Mexico extradited the notorious drug trafficker Joaqu\u00edn \u201cEl Chapo\u201d Guzm\u00e1n to the United States, local cops in his home state of Sinaloa fell under attack.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-2\">Some were shot dead in broad daylight. Others vanished and were never found. In all, 13 police officers died or disappeared in the months that followed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-3\">That spree was the start of a shift in tactics within Guzm\u00e1n\u2019s Sinaloa Cartel, according to four intelligence and security officials, one that signaled the arrival of a new force inside one of Mexico\u2019s most powerful drug syndicates: the kingpin\u2019s four sons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-4\">Collectively known as Los Chapitos, or \u201cthe little Chapos,\u201d the four siblings were once mocked by adversaries as entitled princelings more concerned with flashing their wealth on Instagram than the grubby work of moving tons of cocaine into the United States. Yet the brothers have resuscitated a drug empire teetering after their father was locked behind U.S. bars and diversified the business by embracing a new line of synthetic drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-5\">Their early bet on fentanyl, a synthetic opioid 50 times more powerful than heroin, helped supercharge an opioid epidemic that has placed them squarely in the crosshairs of American anti-narcotics agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-6\">Last month, U.S. authorities laid out extensive new charges against the brothers in indictments filed in multiple jurisdictions, and upped bounties for two of the siblings to $10 million apiece, cementing their status as some of the world\u2019s most powerful and wanted drug lords. U.S. officials portrayed them as the face of a highly addictive poison that\u2019s killing nearly 200 Americans daily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"E10NG9QEMY_2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/wanted-ivan.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"DWF44Y5GG7_3\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/wanted-jesus.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"9QQ7V2HR8K_4\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/wanted-joaquin.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"QKOA9EGTRW_5\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/wanted-ovidio.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-15\">The U.S. government has advertised hefty rewards&nbsp;for information leading to the arrest of \u201cLos Chapitos,\u201d accused drug traffickers and sons of famed Sinaloa Cartel kingpin Joaqu\u00edn \u201cEl Chapo\u201d Guzm\u00e1n. One of the siblings is currently in custody in Mexico. The others remain at large. U.S. State Department\/Handout via Reuters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-16\">\u201cThe Chapitos pioneered the manufacture and trafficking of the deadliest drug our country has ever faced,\u201d Anne Milgram, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) chief, said at an April 14 press conference in Washington. \u201cThey inherited a global drug empire and made it more ruthless, more violent and more deadly.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-17\">Los Chapitos, for the first time ever, released a public letter last week denying claims that they traffic fentanyl and rebutting allegations made by U.S. officials in the Washington press conference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-18\">\u201cWe have never produced, manufactured or marketed fentanyl or any of its derivatives. We are victims of persecution and they made us a scapegoat,\u201d the brothers said in the letter. Mexico\u2019s Milenio news channel aired its contents on May 3, along with an interview of Guzm\u00e1n family lawyer Jos\u00e9 Refugio Rodr\u00edguez, who provided the broadcaster with the document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-19\">Denying that they head the Sinaloa Cartel, the brothers said drug traffickers and the media have exploited their father\u2019s fame to implicate them in crimes of which they are innocent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-20\">El Chapo is serving a life sentence in a \u201cSupermax\u201d prison in Colorado. Mariel Col\u00f3n Miro, Guzm\u00e1n\u2019s U.S.-based attorney, said her client was unable to comment due to restrictions barring him from speaking to the media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-21\">The four brothers, two born to El Chapo\u2019s first wife, the others to another, range in age from 33 to 40, according to the U.S. Department of Justice. Headed by Iv\u00e1n, El Chapo\u2019s oldest son, the siblings have emerged as key figures in the Sinaloa Cartel, U.S. and Mexican anti-narcotics officials said. While the syndicate is a loose confederation of trafficking factions that cooperate on logistics and security, the Guzm\u00e1ns\u2019 bloc is a pillar of the organization, the officials said, and Los Chapitos have quickly consolidated power within it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-22\">To chronicle the rise of this new generation of \u201cNarco Juniors,\u201d as children of established traffickers are known in Mexico, Reuters spoke with four Sinaloa Cartel operatives and visited a house where gang members assembled pills stuffed with methamphetamine, another cash cow. The news agency also interviewed dozens of sources, including law enforcement, intelligence and government officials in Mexico and the United States, as well as local residents who\u2019ve witnessed the changing of the guard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-23\">The rapid ascendancy of Los Chapitos, many details of which are told here for the first time, shows how authorities may have underestimated the former party boys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis new generation is more violent. Before, they would interrogate and then kill you. Now they kill and ask questions&nbsp;later.\u201dRetired Sinaloan police officer on the contrast between drug trafficker Joaqu\u00edn \u201cEl Chapo\u201d Guzm\u00e1n and his sons<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-25\">A 2019 showdown with Mexico\u2019s Army in Culiac\u00e1n, Sinaloa\u2019s capital, already has cemented their place in narco lore. Soldiers captured Ovidio, the youngest of the four siblings, then quickly released him on the orders of Mexican&nbsp;President Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador after cartel foot soldiers fought troops in shootouts that killed 14 people, including several bystanders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-26\">\u201cThis new generation is more violent,\u201d said one retired Mexican police officer in Sinaloa. \u201cBefore, they would interrogate and then kill you. Now they kill and ask questions later.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-28\">Within the cartel, the brothers have battled elders opposed to them assuming their father\u2019s mantle, including El Chapo\u2019s former right-hand man D\u00e1maso L\u00f3pez, according to U.S. and Mexican security sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-29\">But these young guns have also built a reputation as sharp businessmen. They\u2019ve helped transform Mexico from a transit country for Chinese-produced fentanyl into a major production hub, half a dozen U.S. officials and DEA sources said. To do that, they said, Los Chapitos built a network of clandestine laboratories across Sinaloa and ramped up smuggling of precursor chemicals from China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-30\">The earnings have been astronomical. The cartel can turn $800 worth of precursor chemicals into fentanyl pills or powder that reap profits as high as $640,000, according to one of the April indictments, which was filed in the Southern District of New York. That cash, U.S. prosecutors say, has bankrolled a war chest used by the brothers to bribe politicians and cops, and finance an ever-growing army of <em>sicarios<\/em>,&nbsp;or hit men, to protect their interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-31\">The impact on U.S. streets has been devastating. One American dies from a fentanyl overdose almost every eight minutes, U.S. Deputy Attorney General Lisa O. Monaco said at the Washington press conference. U.S. overdose deaths, the lion\u2019s share due to fentanyl, surged to nearly 107,000 in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"Q4Z85VI1AF_12\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/fentanyl-dea-seized.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">More than 41 kilograms of fentanyl powder and 630,000 fentanyl pills were seized from a Phoenix, Arizona,&nbsp;stash house by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency on Aug. 19, 2022. Some of the drugs bore stamps of &nbsp;\u201cChapiza\u201d and \u201cRat\u00f3n,\u201d nicknames for Los Chapitos and Ovidio Guzm\u00e1n,&nbsp;respectively. U.S. Department of Justice\/Handout via REUTERS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-33\">Los Chapitos\u2019 ascent, U.S. and Mexican officials say, has coincided with a decision by L\u00f3pez Obrador to turn away from the aggressive anti-narcotics policies of his predecessors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-34\">After assuming office in December 2018, L\u00f3pez Obrador restructured Mexico\u2019s security forces, eliminating teams that were once at the forefront of probing cartel activity, U.S. and Mexico security sources said. They say the president also curbed security cooperation with the United States and largely eschewed the so-called kingpin strategy that led previous administrations to arrest El Chapo and other high-profile traffickers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-35\">Instead, the president has vowed to concentrate on social programs to tackle crime and violence at a grassroots level, a policy dubbed \u201cabrazos, no balazos\u201d or \u201chugs, not bullets.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-36\">Mexico\u2019s presidency did not respond to a request for comment about L\u00f3pez Obrador\u2019s crime fighting approach. He has repeatedly touted his strategy on multiple visits to Sinaloa. \u201cNothing can be solved with the use of force. You can\u2019t put out fire with fire,\u201d Lopez Obrador told residents in 2019. His supporters note that murders nationwide have stabilized since he took power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-37\">The president\u2019s critics say the number of homicides \u2013 above 30,000 a year \u2013 is still extremely high, and the production and smuggling of drugs into the United States have increased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-38\">Mexico\u2019s Army did ultimately apprehend Ovidio Guzm\u00e1n earlier this year by sending hundreds of troops to raid one of his homes in rural Sinaloa. He\u2019s now in a maximum-security lockup near Mexico City. But that arrest had more to do with the Army trying to restore its battered prestige rather than a shift in L\u00f3pez Obrador\u2019s thinking, four U.S. and Mexican officials said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-39\">Ovidio\u2019s lawyer and L\u00f3pez Obrador\u2019s office did not respond to requests for comment. The Army did not comment about its motive for the arrest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-40\">U.S.-Mexico security ties have frayed. L\u00f3pez Obrador called the recent U.S. indictments against the four younger Guzm\u00e1ns an \u201cabusive, arrogant interference that should not be accepted under any circumstances.\u201d The Mexican leader said the case was built by DEA agents operating in Mexico, which he has deemed a violation of sovereignty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-41\">While he has not booted the agency from the country, DEA operations have been hobbled on his watch. Mexico in 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/americas\/exclusive-us-anti-drugs-agency-pulls-plane-mexico-fresh-cooperation-blow-2022-05-11\/\"><\/a>disbanded an elite police unit that worked closely with the DEA for a quarter of a century; amended a national security law to make it harder for foreign agents to operate inside Mexico; and slow-walked visa approvals for DEA agents, CNN reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-42\">Those measures were widely viewed as retaliation for the 2020 arrest of former Mexican Defense Minister Salvador Cienfuegos in Los Angeles on drug trafficking charges, a move that angered L\u00f3pez Obrador. U.S. prosecutors later <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mexico-corruption-usa-idUSKBN27X314\"><\/a>dropped the charges, pointing to sensitive foreign policy considerations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-43\">The Justice Department declined to comment. The DEA did not respond to a request for comment. &nbsp;Rafael Heredia Rubio, a lawyer representing Cienfuegos, said he was not authorized to comment. Cienfuegos\u2019 attorneys previously had denied that he was involved in drug trafficking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"GL3RMZYRGT_13\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/guns-and-drugs.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Sinaloa Cartel uses military-grade weapons to perpetrate violence in Mexico against other traffickers, civilians, government officials and security forces, according to a U.S. indictment unsealed on April 14, 2023. U.S. Department of Justice\/ Handout via Reuters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-45\">Ferraris and pet tigers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-46\">Born into one of Mexico\u2019s most storied outlaw families, Guzm\u00e1n\u2019s five sons \u2013 Edgar, Iv\u00e1n, &nbsp;Jes\u00fas Alfredo, Joaqu\u00edn Jr. and Ovidio \u2013 grew up in luxury once unimaginable to their father, a semi-literate farm worker from Sinaloa\u2019s mountains before becoming the head of a drug empire. (El Chapo fathered more than a dozen children, according to local media, not all of whom are reputed to be involved in drug trafficking.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-47\">Minor social media celebrities, they flaunted their pet tigers, Ferraris and a golden AK-47 on Instagram and Twitter. Those accounts were never verified by those platforms, but a social media analyst familiar with cartel communications and two security sources told Reuters they believed the accounts were authentic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"I564OI1YFI_14\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/social-media-pics.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Social media&nbsp;accounts linked to Los Chapitos celebrate their wealth and outlaw notoriety. Twitter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-49\">Early on, \u201cthe general perception was that Los Chapitos were spoiled brats,\u201d said Mike Vigil, former head of DEA\u2019s international operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-50\">After El Chapo\u2019s escape from a maximum-security prison in 2001, reportedly in a laundry trolley, the brothers took a hands-on approach to the family business, security sources said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-51\">Edgar blazed a trail for his brothers by building his own contacts and doing his own deals, the sources said. But he was killed in 2008 in Culiac\u00e1n&nbsp;in a hail of bullets amid infighting between warring factions of the Sinaloa Cartel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-52\">His four surviving brothers filled the void, U.S. and Mexican security sources said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-53\">Starting in 2009 with Jes\u00fas Alfredo, the brothers all have been indicted by U.S. authorities multiple times for alleged offenses including money laundering, possession of machine guns and trafficking of fentanyl, heroin and cocaine. The U.S. State Department in 2021 put $5 million bounties on their heads, a figure recently doubled for Iv\u00e1n and Jes\u00fas Alfredo, while the DEA set up ChapitosTips@dea.gov to encourage snitches to rat them out. The agency in April placed Iv\u00e1n on the list of its 10 Most Wanted Fugitives, joining Jes\u00fas Alfredo and Ismael \u201cEl Mayo\u201d Zambada, a Sinaloa Cartel legend and El Chapo\u2019s alleged former business partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-54\">Washington has taken note of Los Chapitos\u2019 entrepreneurial flare. The State Department in its 2021 bounty notices said Ovidio and Joaqu\u00edn Jr. began smuggling chemicals from Argentina in 2008 to launch experiments in Mexico on how to produce methamphetamine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-55\">As they built their own crew, the brothers purportedly discarded the shibboleth that Sinaloa kingpins should only sell drugs to foreigners. Los Chapitos placed pushers on street corners in Culiac\u00e1n, according to cartel members and Mexican media reports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-56\">In what would prove another consequential move, Ovidio in 2014 began to tinker with manufacturing fentanyl in Mexico, according to one of the indictments unsealed last month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-57\">That same year, the brothers faced another major test: Their father was nabbed again, this time by Mexican marines working with the DEA. The sons helped El Chapo stage yet another audacious escape in July 2015 by organizing the construction of a mile-long tunnel to his Mexican prison cell, according to testimony that would emerge later at the elder Guzm\u00e1n\u2019s 2019 drug trafficking trial in New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-58\">Following the tunnel caper, Mexican authorities recaptured El Chapo in January 2016. He tapped his sons to head his portion of the trafficking empire, triggering a power struggle with L\u00f3pez, who had run the business during the boss\u2019s previous incarceration, according to 2017 Mexican military intelligence documents viewed by Reuters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"SLKZYFLQI8_15\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/RTSF7YA.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Captured drug lord Joaqu\u00edn \u201cEl Chapo\u201d Guzm\u00e1n is escorted by soldiers in Mexico City on Jan. 8, 2016. While he has been locked up in a U.S. prison, his sons have&nbsp;assumed his mantle and expanded his trafficking empire, anti-narcotics authorities say. REUTERS\/Henry Romero<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-60\">Los Chapitos and their posse squeezed L\u00f3pez\u2019s crew by crimping his finances. Near a Sinaloan dam where both groups filched water to feed their clandestine drug labs, the brothers cut off L\u00f3pez\u2019s access to this critical resource, crippling his manufacturing capability while keeping the taps open for themselves, according to three serving Mexican marines who spoke with Reuters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-61\">\u201cLos Chapitos had an advantage as they kept the production of drugs. They had money to pay <em>sicarios<\/em>, buy arms,\u201d said one of the men, who had worked with the elite Navy unit that helped capture El Chapo in 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-62\">The feud escalated into all-out war following Guzm\u00e1n\u2019s 2017 extradition to the United States. El Chapo\u2019s sons targeted the 13 Sinaloan police officers for execution because they were on L\u00f3pez\u2019s payroll, according to prosecutors and former cops in Sinaloa, as well as military officials and intelligence documents reviewed by Reuters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-63\">Police in Sinaloa did not respond to claims that the targeted officers were in league with L\u00f3pez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-64\">One of the U.S. indictments unsealed last month details other grisly violence allegedly meted out by Los Chapitos. Their henchmen allegedly kidnapped two officials from the federal attorney general\u2019s office in early 2017, torturing one by inserting a corkscrew into his muscles, ripping it out, then &nbsp;\u201cplacing hot chiles into his open wounds and nose.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-65\">Iv\u00e1n finished off the victims with gunshots, with Jes\u00fas Alfredo pitching in to shoot one in the face, according to the indictment, which said the two brothers also killed some enemies by feeding them alive to the pet tigers they kept at their ranches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-66\">The brothers, in their public letter, denied killing or torturing the officials or feeding people to tigers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-67\">\u201cA tiger may kill a person, but eat him? We do not have nor did we have tigers,\u201d the letter stated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-68\">Los Chapitos prevailed in their struggle with L\u00f3pez, who was arrested in Mexico City in 2017 by the Mexican military and subsequently extradited to the United States. A star prosecution witness in El Chapo\u2019s 2019 trial, L\u00f3pez got his own life sentence for drug trafficking reduced. In 2021, his name disappeared from the Federal Bureau of Prisons\u2019 public registry of inmates, fueling media speculation that he entered witness protection. L\u00f3pez, through his lawyer, declined to comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-69\">On their turf in Culiac\u00e1n, meanwhile, the brothers quickly solidified their grip on the local drugs market, a local trafficker told Reuters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-70\">Jes\u00fas, an independent operator in Culiac\u00e1n who ships fentanyl and heroin to the United States with the help of the syndicate, said gunmen working for Los Chapitos told street dealers they had to purchase product from their cartel faction exclusively and pay protection money. He said several friends and family members who were slow to comply were kidnapped and beaten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-71\">Los Chapitos made it clear that \u201cnow the market belongs to them,\u201d Jes\u00fas said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"HXXNHL73BN_20\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/fentanyl.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blue powder consistent with the appearance of fentanyl&nbsp;is seen at a drug lab seized by the Mexican Army in Culiac\u00e1n, Mexico on Feb. 15, 2023. Secretar\u00eda de la Defensa Nacional \/Handout via Reuters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"BIBPTFFPFG_21\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/fentanyl-lab.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Mexican Army soldiers at the same captured drug lab&nbsp;in Culiac\u00e1n, Mexico, a stronghold of the Sinaloa Cartel. Secretar\u00eda de la Defensa Nacional \/Handout via Reuters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-78\">Showing who\u2019s boss<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-79\">On Dec. 1, 2018, L\u00f3pez Obrador took office after winning Mexico\u2019s presidency in a landslide. Within months, members of UNOPES, the Navy\u2019s elite special forces unit that had pursued El Chapo and other traffickers, were ordered by superiors to leave Sinaloa and shut down their temporary bases there, according to the three marines and three ex-DEA officials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-80\">The president\u2019s office did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-81\">In October 2019 came the Mexican Army\u2019s first capture of Ovidio Guzm\u00e1n in Culiac\u00e1n. Recalling that day, two Sinaloa Cartel members told Reuters that, within minutes, encrypted radios carried by fellow gunmen began to buzz with the news: \u201cThe boss has fallen! The boss has fallen!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><video controls=\"controls\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/sinaloa.jpg?v=581505090523\" preload=\"metadata\"><\/video> Footage released by the Mexican government&nbsp;shows the first arrest of Ovidio Guzm\u00e1n&nbsp;on Oct. 17, 2019, in Culiac\u00e1n, Mexico. Gunfire can be heard in the background as Sinaloa Cartel hitmen clashed with federal forces. Guzm\u00e1n is seen speaking by cell phone with his brother asking that cartel soldiers be withdrawn to prevent \u201cchaos.\u201d Guzm\u00e1n was quickly released on the orders of Mexico\u2019s president after the violence left 14 people dead, several of them bystanders. Secretar\u00eda de la Defensa Nacional\/Handout via Reuters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-85\">Hundreds of gang fighters armed with military-grade weapons rushed to the scene, firing on government troops and barricading key city streets to trap them. They also kidnapped eight soldiers and surrounded military housing where wives and children of Mexican soldiers lived, Mexican officials said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-86\">With the pop-pop-pop of gunfire echoing in the background, encircled Mexican troops put Ovidio on the phone with his brother Iv\u00e1n in an attempt to get Los Chapitos to call off their gunmen. \u201cTell them to stand down\u2026I don\u2019t want chaos,\u201d Ovidio said in video footage released by Mexico\u2019s government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-87\">\u201cHell no, we are coming to rescue you,\u201d Iv\u00e1n responded, according to Sinaloan newspaper R\u00edodoce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-88\">Hours later, with Culiac\u00e1n resembling a war zone and scenes of pandemonium being broadcast across the globe, L\u00f3pez Obrador ordered the army to free Ovidio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-89\">The day of terror shocked Sinaloans, whose relationship with the cartel is complex. El Chapo had the reputation of being ruthless to those who crossed him. But locals say he provided jobs, handouts and security by punishing hoodlums preying on poor communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"3DJ3CPR0IN_27\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/RTS2RNCV.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sinaloa Cartel gunmen take up positions near a burning truck in Culiac\u00e1n, Mexico, on Oct. 17, 2019, following the detention of Ovidio Guzm\u00e1n by the Mexican Army. The day was dubbed \u201cBlack Thursday\u201d by the Mexican press for the mayhem that ensued. REUTERS\/Stringer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-91\">\u201cIt was the first time we saw the Sinaloa Cartel use their armed power to generate\u2026chaos and fear to try to achieve their goals,\u201d said Adrian L\u00f3pez, publisher of the Sinaloan Noroeste newspaper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-92\">For the brothers, it was a turning point. Mexico\u2019s military and its president had bowed to them in front of the entire world. \u201cIt showed who has power,\u201d a cartel member said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-93\">Still, they set out to burnish their public image. One such charm offensive took place in December 2020 in San Diego, a village about 60 kilometers south of Culiac\u00e1n that is home to several high-ranking cartel <em>sicarios<\/em>, a resident told Reuters. There Los Chapitos staged a music concert and raffle, whose prizes included new cars, washing machines and refrigerators, all bearing stickers emblazoned with El Chapo\u2019s initials \u2013 JGL for Joaqu\u00edn Guzm\u00e1n Loera \u2013 that person and two other locals said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-94\">A fourth declined to answer questions, saying \u201cI don\u2019t want them to disappear me.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-95\">During COVID-19 lockdowns, the brothers doled out food parcels and built an outdoor school in rural Sinaloa, and they have maintained the tradition of punishing common hoodlums, Sinaloa residents and cartel members said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-96\">Taking control<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-97\">But like their father, Los Chapitos are at heart violent businessmen with a drive for manufacturing and moving drugs, security officials and cartel members said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-98\">A gang soldier calling himself G\u00fcero, a silver pistol tucked into his waistband, last year gave Reuters a tour of a cartel safe house on the edge of Culiac\u00e1n. There, two young men in white surgical gloves sat at a brown lacquered table carefully stuffing white powder into transparent capsules \u2013 methamphetamine samples for a new client looking to ship in bulk to the United States, G\u00fcero said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"BO81G9NJ9H_30\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/drugs-and-gun.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A Sinaloa Cartel gunman who calls himself G\u00fcero poses with gang members&nbsp;preparing methamphetamine capsules at a safe house operated by Los Chapitos in Culiac\u00e1n, Mexico on April 4, 2022. REUTERS\/Alexandre Meneghini<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-100\">As fentanyl and meth production have soared, U.S. seizures have likewise skyrocketed. Interdictions of fentanyl alone on the U.S.-Mexico border hit 14,104 pounds (6,397 kilograms) in the fiscal year ended Sept. 30, 2022, up more than 400% since 2019, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-101\">Inside Mexico, meanwhile, the Army had a grudge to settle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-102\">In early January of this year, the Army told L\u00f3pez Obrador it planned to mount a top-secret operation to recapture Ovidio, according to a then-senior government official with direct knowledge of the events. The president approved the mission but was not informed of the date and time, the source said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-103\">Mexico\u2019s Army and the presidency did not respond to requests for comment about the official\u2019s account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-104\">As hundreds of soldiers encircled Ovidio\u2019s rural Sinaloan compound in the pre-dawn assault, a helicopter strafed targets from the air, video of the incident showed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"K2X9I0IQ15_31\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/mexico-drugs-chapitos\/RTSESQU9.jpg?v=581505090523\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The re-arrest of accused drug trafficker Ovidio Guzm\u00e1n by the Mexican Army on Jan. 5, 2023, sparked a rampage by Sinaloa Cartel members in several parts of Sinaloa state. &nbsp;A soldier walks near a vehicle set alight in the port city of Mazatl\u00e1n.&nbsp;REUTERS\/Stringer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-106\">Cartel gunmen went on a rampage again, setting cars on fire, blocking roads and forcing Culiac\u00e1n\u2019s airport to shut by shooting at passenger jets. The violence left 29 people dead, including 10 armed forces personnel. But the <em>sicarios<\/em>&nbsp;were too late \u2013 a military chopper had already whisked Ovidio out of Sinaloa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"paragraph-107\">Despite that blow to the Sinaloa Cartel, fentanyl keeps flowing north. In February and March, U.S. border agents seized a combined 5,130 pounds (2,326 kilograms) of fentanyl in two of the biggest monthly hauls ever.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In January 2017, days after Mexico extradited the notorious drug trafficker Joaqu\u00edn \u201cEl Chapo\u201d Guzm\u00e1n to the United States, local cops in his home state of Sinaloa fell under attack. Some were shot dead in broad daylight. Others vanished and were never found. In all, 13 police officers died or disappeared in the months that 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